Do you invest with your head, or do you invest with your heart?

One of the building blocks - may be the most important one - of becoming a successful investor is to know yourself. To help you understand if you invest with your head or your heart, here are some practical situations that you are likely to face:-

1. March is usually the time for last-minute tax-saving investments. So you start looking at some ELSS funds. You hold the SBI Magnum Tax Gain fund since Mar '07. It was one of the best ELSS funds then and gave good dividends.

Your head tells you to sell it because of its recent under-performance and switch to Canara Robeco Tax Saver or DSPBR Tax Saver. Your heart urges you to stick with it as it will surely return to its earlier glory.

2. The Nifty is trading just short of its Jan '10 high for the past 6 trading sessions. Your head is saying 'be careful' because a previous top made some time ago can be a tough hurdle to cross. Your heart is saying 'a new high is imminent' and this is the time to jump in.

3. You had made a killing in the Bharti Airtel stock when you sold part of your holdings when it hit 1200 (pre-split) back in 2007. The rest of your holding effectively became 'free of cost'. Ever since, the stock has been sliding, but you held on because your holding cost was zero.

Your head is urging you to get rid of it, as the entire telecom services space has lost its pricing power with the entry of big global players. Your heart is forcing you to hold on because Bharti has proven management and the stock will definitely move above 500 soon.

4. Your decision to pick up OnMobile Global shares at 250 in Mar '09 turned out to be a really judicious move, as the stock zoomed to hit 700. Out of the blue, the bears attacked and the stock halved in value to 350.

Your head is accepting the fact that you got a lucky break initially, but you goofed by not booking profits at 700. Your heart is considering it as plain bad luck that your smart pick suddenly changed direction through no fault of yours.

5. You read my blog post about Indraprastha Gas back in July '09 when the stock was trading at 137. I had mentioned a possible target of 180. You decided to spend some time to research the stock thoroughly. But within a month, before you could gather sufficient details, the stock hit 180.

Your head told you to wait for better valuations. Your heart decided that you should buy before the stock runs away even higher.

6. Cranes Software was a hot stock in the previous bull market. It sold engineering software products to overseas clients and made huge profits. Because of the down turn, the stock hit the skids but at 45 it seemed like a screaming buy.

Your head warned you not to try and catch a falling knife. Your heart ignored the warning as the downside seemed very limited, and you bought a large chunk and then averaged down at 30.

If you are like most investors, you some times invest with your head and at other times invest with your heart. There are no guarantees which will be a better investor - your head or your heart. Logically, for long-term investors, the head should rule the heart. But stock markets can be illogical in the short-term.

Does it make any sense to invest in tax saving (ELSS) mutual funds?

If you are like most investors, then you probably haven't yet planned your tax saving investments for the Accounting Year 2009-10. Barely 10 weeks remain for you to decide and make your investments.

The more conservative investors will probably choose the 5 years fixed deposit at a bank, or the NSC VIII savings certificates at the Post Office to avail of tax benefits of up to Rs 1 Lakh under Section 80C of the Income Tax act. (I'm not including LIC insurance policies - because insurance should not be confused with investments.)

Both pay a risk-free interest of around 8%, with the NSC VIII certificates requiring a holding period of 6 years. (For those who are in the early stages of your career, it makes a lot of sense to make monthly or quarterly investments by buying these certificates. After 6 years, you get back about 1.6 times your original investment every month or every quarter. So, after systematically investing for 6 years, you won't need to make fresh investments, as you can keep reinvesting the amounts that mature.)

But I'm digressing. Let me get back to the original topic about ELSS funds. Since these have a lock-in period of only 3 years, many investors - particularly the younger ones - prefer them over the more 'old-fashioned' bank fixed deposit or NSC VIII certificates. But does it make any sense to do so?

I made a quick visit to the valueresearchonline.com site and used their Point-to-point return calculator for ELSS funds, giving a start date of Jan 15, 2007 and an end date of Jan 14, 2010. That gives the return for all ELSS funds for a 3 year minimum holding period.

The results are interesting, to say the very least. Out of the 27 ELSS funds listed at the site, only 50% managed a return of 8% or more. Now, remember that ELSS funds invest mostly in equity shares - with its associated risks.

The 3 years holding period gives the fund managers some flexibility in buying shares with a longer-term perspective as there won't be an immediate threat of pull-out by investors should the markets turn for the worse in the near term.

That doesn't mean that the risks are reduced too much. On top of it, there is no guarantee that you will even get back your principal amount. If you had bought the units of either ING Tax Savings or Fortis Tax Advantage Plan on Jan 15 '07, your returns till date would be negative.

If we add a minimum 'Margin of Safety' of 5% above the risk-free interest of 8% in bank fixed deposits or NSC VIII certificates (to adequately cover the risk of equity investing), then only the top 6 funds out of the 27 make the grade of giving returns of 13% or more.

These are Taurus Tax Shield (21.35%), Canara Robeco Equity Tax Saver (18.09%), Sahara Tax Gain (16.08%), Religare Tax Plan (15.02%), Sundaram BNP Paribas Tax Saver (14.56%) and Fidelity Tax Advantage (13.27%).

So, should you just invest Rs 1 Lakh in any one of these 6 ELSS funds and be done with it for this year? Not quite, and I'll show you why. By pushing back the start date to Jan 15 '06 and end date to Jan 14 '09, the returns decline quite dramatically.

That isn't surprising considering the bear market during Jan '08 to Mar '09. Still, only the top 2 funds managed positive returns - Sundaram BNP Paribas Tax Saver (2.94%), Canara Robeco Equity Tax Saver (2.78%). The rest were all in the red.

Obviously, a lot depends on the state of the market - both at the time of investing, and nearer the time of maturity. Considering that the BSE Sensex is close to an intermediate top, the risk-return equation seems to be favouring the risk side more.

That was the long answer. The short answer is: avoid ELSS funds for your tax saving investments.